Browsing by Author "Thinyane, K. H."

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    Characteristics of patients admitted with diabetes in Maseru, Lesotho
    (African Journal of Diabetes, 2013) Thinyane, K. H.; Theketsa, C. E.
    Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In 2009, diabetes was the leading non-infectious cause of admissions to public hospitals in Lesotho. Our aim was to investigate the reasons for hospitalisation among diabetic patients in Maseru, Lesotho. We studied the clinical characteristics and medical history of 80 adult patients admitted to Queen Elizabeth II Referral Hospital for the management of uncontrolled diabetes and evaluated the quality of diabetes care prior to admission. The median age was 49 years; 89% of the patients had type 2 diabetes and 74% of patients had been on antidiabetic treatment for more than 1 year. The majority (85%) of patients presented with hyperglycaemia. The most common chronic complication and co-morbidities were diabetic retinopathy (35%) and hypertension (56%) respectively. Most (89%) patients had received diabetes education, but less than half were adherent to recommended lifestyle changes and only 14% performed self-monitoring of blood glucose. The medicAtion non-adherence rate was 20%, and 31% of patients had defaulted from therapy in the previous 6 months. Blood glucose was measured routinely at check-up. In the previous 12 months, 75% of the patients had had eye examinations, but lipid screening, urinalysis, and foot examinations had each been performed on less than one-third of the patients. There were 42% of the patients who had a history of diabetes-related hospitalisations. We concluded that the most common admission cause was hyperglycaemia. In general, there was poor glycaemic control, a high prevalence of complications and high rates of rehospitalisation among the study population. The quality of diabetes care prior to hospitalisation was suboptimal, characterised by low levels of self-management practices and inadequate screening for diabetes complications.
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    Clinical profile of HIV-infected, HAART- Na�ve patients admitted to a tertiary level hospital in Maseru, Lesotho
    (The internet journal of infectious diseases, 2013) Thinyane, K. H.; Cooper, V.
    Introduction: Southern Africa has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates globally. The HIV epidemic in the region is characterised by high rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to document the clinical profiles of patients hospitalised for the treatment of HIV-related disorders in Maseru, Lesotho. Methods: A prospective observational study of 105 HIV-infected, HAART-na�ve patients admitted at Queen Elizabeth II Referral Hospital in Maseru.Results: The median age was 34 years and 50.5% were female. 74 patients (70.5%) had tested positive for HIV before admission. 85.9% of all patients had presented with Stage III or IV events at diagnosis of HIV infection. 69.5% of the patients were treated for opportunistic infections of which tuberculosis was the commonest (n = 43, 41.0%) followed by oral candidiasis (n = 19, 18.1%) and pneumonia (n = 11,10.5%). 35 patients (33.3%) had severe anaemia (Hb < 8g/dl). The median CD4 count was 73.5 cells/?l; 62 patients (59.0%) were in Stage III and 43 (41.0%) were in Stage IV of HIV infection. The median duration of hospitalisation was 9 days; prolonged hospitalisation was associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis. The in-hospital mortality was 30.5%; the mortality rate was higher among patients with advanced AIDS (Stage IV).Conclusions: The majority of the patients presented with HIV-related opportunistic infections. The main factors contributing to morbidity and mortality in this study were late presentation for diagnosis of HIV infection and treatment of HIV-related disorders.