Raman spectroscopy and imaging of Bernalstacked bilayer graphene synthesized on copper foil by chemical vapour deposition: growth dependence on temperature

dc.contributor.authorFabiane, M.
dc.contributor.authorMadito, M. J.
dc.contributor.authorBello, A.
dc.contributor.authorManyala, N.
dc.date.accessioned2017-02-01T09:11:12Z
dc.date.available2017-02-01T09:11:12Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractWe report on the effect of temperature on the growth of bilayer graphene on a copper foil under atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (AP-CVD). Before characterization of the AP-CVD bilayer graphene, a high-quality graphene flake was obtained from the Kish bulk graphite by micro-mechanical exfoliation and characterized by using Raman spectroscopy and imaging. The Raman data of the exfoliated, high-quality graphene flake show monolayer and bilayer graphenes and were compared with the Raman data of AP-CVD graphene. Raman spectroscopy of AP-CVD graphene shows bilayer films that exhibit predominantly Bernal stacking with an I2D/IG ratio of ~1. At low growth temperature (~780 °C), Raman disorder-related peak intensity in the AP-CVD graphene is high and decreases with an increase in growth temperature to the lowest disorder intensity at ~973 °C. The selected area electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy average step height analysis showed the thickness of the bilayer graphene. The AP-CVD graphene is uniform at low growth temperatures (~780 °C) with a high disorder and becomes nonuniform at high growth temperatures (~867–973 °C) with a very low disorder as bilayer graphene evolves to form islands with an average lateral size of <10 μm. Competition between carbon adatoms supply through dehydrogenation of the CHx species, mobility and desorption rate of the carbon-adatom species for nucleation of the bilayer graphene as a function of temperature is elucidated. This study provides further insight into the growth mechanisms of bilayer graphene by AP-CVD on Cu.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1097-4555
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5094
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.tml.nul.ls/handle/20.500.14155/1151
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.rightsCopyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.en_ZA
dc.sourceJournal of Raman Spectroscopyen_ZA
dc.subjectgrapheneen_ZA
dc.subjectAP-CVDen_ZA
dc.subjectcopper foilen_ZA
dc.subjectBernal-stacked bilayeren_ZA
dc.subjectexfoliated grapheneen_ZA
dc.titleRaman spectroscopy and imaging of Bernalstacked bilayer graphene synthesized on copper foil by chemical vapour deposition: growth dependence on temperatureen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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